Setting Out Methods in Construction: A Practical Guide for Highways and Infrastructure Projects

In UK construction, especially on highways and infrastructure projects, setting out in construction is a key process that keeps everything on track. From motorways to taxiways, getting the measurements right on the ground ensures that the project is built according to design. At AKN Engineering, based in Hertfordshire and covering Cambridgeshire, Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk, we’ve supported a range of projects with reliable construction setting out techniques.

In this post, we’ll walk through the most common and effective highway setting out methods used by engineers today. Whether you're a project manager, site engineer, or student learning the trade, here’s what you need to know.

1. Baseline Method

The baseline method is one of the simplest and most widely used techniques in civil engineering setting out. A fixed line, called a control line, is marked on site and used as a reference for setting out the rest of the works. It’s ideal for setting out a road or any other linear structure. For detailed advice on baselines and accuracy standards, see this guide from RICS.

2. Grid Method

This involves creating a grid of perpendicular lines across the construction area. It’s commonly used for housing developments and allows for precise placement of features like drainage. Grids are often tied in using GPS or a Total Station, both of which are standard tools for modern construction survey methods.

3. Radiation Method

Using a Total Station, the radiation method sets out points from a single known location. It’s quick and highly accurate — ideal for roundabouts, cul-de-sacs, or anything circular in design. This method is a go-to for highway setting out where speed and accuracy are essential.

4. Offset Method

The offset method measures distances from a fixed line or feature. It’s a straightforward technique often used for kerbs, footpaths, and fencing. While it’s simple, it still relies on strong control points and accurate drawings to ensure quality.

5. Intersection Method

If direct access to a point is tricky — say you're working over a live road or a pond — this method uses angles taken from two known points to calculate the position. It’s useful as a backup or for complex geometries, and complements remote survey techniques.

6. Tachometry Method

This traditional method uses a theodolite to measure angles and distances. While it’s less common now due to GPS and Total Stations, tachometry is still useful on projects where budget or access restricts more modern kit.

7. GPS and Total Station

Today’s GPS setting out tools and robotic Total Stations have transformed construction workflows. They provide fast, reliable, and repeatable measurements, reducing errors and allowing for real-time adjustments. For large highway schemes, it’s often the best choice. You can learn more about this technology at Ordnance Survey.

8. Profile Boards

Profile boards are timber frames used to show alignment and levels, especially useful in excavation and concrete works. They’re cost-effective and still widely used in kerb setting or small site works. This low-tech option remains popular where speed and clarity on site are essential.

Choosing the right setting out method depends on the type of job, available equipment, and site conditions. Most experienced engineers will use a mix of traditional and digital techniques to keep things moving.

For more insights into Land Surveying and Setting out in Construction, and to explore our range of services or contact us, visit our website.

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